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> Shaped Charges
Austere Emancipa...
post Dec 13 2003, 06:44 PM
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Ruleswise, I'm sure it would rebound at least once even if the one side is completely open. It'll bounce of the wall opposite to the open.

As for breaking the Barrier... Personally, I think I'd use something like half the Power of the first reflected shock wave, to represent that most of the pressure will just escape out through the open area. Stricly abiding the Blast Against Barriers rule, you'd end up having a pretty large Power against the side walls, as the explosion would just keep bouncing back and forth.

So, for 2kg of C12 in a 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 meter heavy metal box with one side open (Barrier 12), using a few house rules (half-reflected vs Barriers, -3/m blast): 16D -3/m.
Reflected distance for breaching the box walls: 0.5m = -1.5 Power.
Total Power for breaching the box walls: 16 + (16 - 0.5 x 3)/2 = 23
Area of effect outside the box: 90 - 135 (or more, depending on a lot of things) degree cone extending from the center of the box
Power of the explosion in the AoE: 16 + (16 - 0.5 x 3) = 30

30D -3/m in a 90+ degree cone. The metal box walls will be damaged (-1 Barrier Rating) but they'll hold. Don't try using the same box repeatedly, though...

Strictly by the rules, the situation won't be that bad, since the reflection distance is 0.5 meters and the Blast is -12/m.
Power against the box walls: 16 + (16 - 0.5 x 12) + (16 - 1 x 12) = 30
Ie don't try it without a Barrier Rating 16 box.
The damage in the AoE is: 16 + (16 - 0.5 x 12) = 26D, -12/m

However, the same thing with a 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.25 box would result in whacky numbers:
Power against the box walls: 16 + 13 + 10 + 7 + 4 + 1 = 51, so anything less than a Barrier Rating 25 box will blow into bits.

QUOTE (tanka)
Now, if you wanted to make it extra spicey, make it a full surrounding Barrier, but have one side weaker than the rest. It reflects for a while until it overcomes the weak barrier side, correct?

That won't work too well, since the Power of the explosion will be reduced by the Barrier Rating. Lessee now...

0.25 x 0.25 x 0.25 box. Assuming C12 is as heavy as water (not likely, but let's go with that for the time being), you can fit 15.625kg of it into the box. That's 47D -12/m.

The highest Power that can accumulate by bouncing back and forth is... 47 + 44 + 41 + 38 ... + 2 = 392. So we want a box with a Barrier Rating of 196 on 5 sides, 195 on one. The blast won't penetrate the 195 before the final rebound. 392 - 195 = 197D.

So we'd have a 197D, -12/m explosion starting from the open edge of the box (not very directed, though, since the explosion would blow outwards from the whole width of the box's outer edge), for the paltry cost of 3,125 nuyen (6,250 on the streets).

Plus of course the cost of getting a Barrier Rating 196/195 box...

For reference, you'd need 269.5kg of C12 to do 197D without any reflection.

This post has been edited by Austere Emancipator: Dec 13 2003, 06:57 PM
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3Threes
post Dec 13 2003, 06:53 PM
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no expert here, but I am pretty sure reactive armor (for tanks) works the same way as well - little inverted cones (or whatever hollow shape works best, i guess) on an inner layer of armor pop off at the place where the outer layer armor is hit and push back against the impact force and help keep the nasties out

-3Threes
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Kagetenshi
post Dec 13 2003, 06:57 PM
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A box of heavy structural material?

~J
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Austere Emancipa...
post Dec 13 2003, 06:58 PM
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20cm/8" of hardened armor-grade steel should do the trick.

Don't ask me how the hell you'd manage a Barrier Rating of 196, though. Maybe a few dozen meters of hardened armor...
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Birdy
post Dec 13 2003, 07:41 PM
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QUOTE (3Threes @ Dec 13 2003, 06:53 PM)
no expert here, but I am pretty sure reactive armor (for tanks) works the same way as well - little inverted cones (or whatever hollow shape works best, i guess) on an inner layer of armor pop off at the place where the outer layer armor is hit and push back against the impact force and help keep the nasties out

-3Threes

A bit more complicated. Explosive reactive armor (ERA) is a thin layer of explosives between two plates of metal. This box is fixed on the outer hull of a tank (don't use this on a car!). If the molten metal jet from a HEAT-charge strikes the outer plate the charge explodes and throws the plate "into" the jet, disrupting it and thereby reducing effectiveness. The system is quite worklable but disliked by infantry supporting the tanks since the shrappnel produced by the stuff is dangerous.

ERA can be used on all faces of a tank, see the latest T80UM models with the heavy Kontakt-5 ERA even on the turret roof (the weakest part of the tank). The plates use a directional charge that is the explosive wave is diverted outward both by thickness of plates (The inner is thicker) and shape (IIRC the inner plate is slightly curved similar to a claymore mine)

Smart armor (i.e Sowjet ARENA) is basically a "jumping ERA/ short range claymore" that detects incoming missiles and throws an ERA / shrappnel into their way, detonating them prematurely. Even more liked by the infantry ;-)


Final note: Claymores have a danger area behind the weapon as well!

Michael
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thunderchild
post Dec 13 2003, 11:14 PM
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remember one thing here guys, a car seat isnt exactly reinforced concrete or hardened steel, its some springs, some foam and maybe some leather.

if the cutting charge was angled slightly forward and slightly towards the drivers door, it would detonate, the primary blast would rip upwards tearing him a new asshole, the secondary blast would go outwards but meet the steel rails and support structure built into the chair, some power wuld be lost throught the lining but the majority would bounce back and go ou the now easiest path, where the springs, seat and driver used to be. of course all passengers would be very deaf and very unhappy.
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cykotek
post Dec 13 2003, 11:57 PM
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Another instance of the use of this sort of metallic penetrator explosives was used to assassinate someone in a passing car (i don't remember the exact circumstances). A satchel was filled with explosives and hung over the handlebars of a bicycle. A copper plate was affixed inside the satchel. The bike was chained to a street sign at a street corner, the plate facing the street. When the target's car passed the bike, the explosive was detonated. The projectile killed both men in the back seat of the car, blowing the remains out the opposite door. The men in the front seat were fine.

As for how to deal with it in-game, one of my players has years of experience IRL as a demolitions specialist in the Army Corps of Engineers. My system is to ask him what it would take him to achieve the desired result. I place that on one end of the scale, take what the SR rules say and put it on the other. ~4-5 successes gets what the expert says, 1 gets what the book says, and I fudge anything that falls between the two. I usually set the TN to between 4 and 6, modified for environment and such. I'm going to see if I can get the player in question to make a post with some suggestions for how to deal with it.

As a side note, some good info on shaped charges, and some more here.

And before I forget about it, another common use of shaping charges is used by police and government SWAT teams. It's a v-shaped channel on a frame, easily portable, about the size of a window or door. Hold it against the portal in question, push the button, and a nice knife-shaped shockwave cuts a hole into wherever you want to go. It's a one-shot deal, but good for dealing with boarded windows and such.
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Austere Emancipa...
post Dec 14 2003, 12:02 AM
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QUOTE (thunderchild)
[...] the cutting charge [...]

Perhaps not a very good phrase, since the explosive charge in question hardly did any cutting in this case. Probably an unconscious mix-up of words, but though I might point it out.

QUOTE
[...] the secondary blast would go outwards but meet the steel rails and support structure built into the chair, some power wuld be lost throught the lining but the majority would bounce back and go ou the now easiest path, where the springs, seat and driver used to be. of course all passengers would be very deaf and very unhappy.

Since we're probably talking about a very small explosive charge here, the energy loss in smashing the furnishings and the bench is likely to be very significant. You can "mangle" a human being quite easily with an extremely small explosive charge when it goes off directly beneath someone and is directed up. Also, the mangled body itself absorbs a large part of the energy of the charge.

Being momentarily deaf, bleeding for several places, having bruises all over and perhaps even a few fractures is usually considered "minor injuries" in media terminology, which also explains quite a lot.

Anyways, looking at the situation from a SR canon point of view, the explosive charge could've been 0.5kg of C-12 and the target would've been thoroughly screwed even without any reflection (8D which goes up to 8D+1 even without Demolition skill, which won't be easy to soak for Joe Average). Assuming a heavy plate beneath the charge, that'd be 16D (16D+2) for the guy in the drivers seat. In any case, no one else in the car would take any damage whatsoever from the explosion (8D, -12/m, and then there's the furnishings and the body).

QUOTE (cykotek)
Another instance of the use of this sort of metallic penetrator explosives was used to assassinate someone in a passing car (i don't remember the exact circumstances). A satchel was filled with explosives and hung over the handlebars of a bicycle. A copper plate was affixed inside the satchel. The bike was chained to a street sign at a street corner, the plate facing the street. When the target's car passed the bike, the explosive was detonated. The projectile killed both men in the back seat of the car, blowing the remains out the opposite door. The men in the front seat were fine.

Called "kylkimiina" ("flank mine") in the Finnish Defense Forces. I'm sure there are similar mines in many/most armies in the world. Tied to a tree on the side of a road, it ought to penetrate 15cm/6" of hardened steel armor at 15 meters, 8cm/3" at 50 meters. Stuff that your group's Army Engineer level 2 (or 3) contact ought to be able to get for you easily. (What, you're saying your group doesn't have a level 2 Army Engineer contact? Pfft. :D)

This post has been edited by Austere Emancipator: Dec 14 2003, 12:15 AM
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Camouflage
post Dec 14 2003, 01:44 AM
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QUOTE (cykotek)
Another instance of the use of this sort of metallic penetrator explosives was used to assassinate someone in a passing car (i don't remember the exact circumstances). A satchel was filled with explosives and hung over the handlebars of a bicycle. A copper plate was affixed inside the satchel. The bike was chained to a street sign at a street corner, the plate facing the street. When the target's car passed the bike, the explosive was detonated. The projectile killed both men in the back seat of the car, blowing the remains out the opposite door. The men in the front seat were fine.

The description of the bomb sounds very familiar from the assassination of Alfred Herrhausen (former CEO of the Deutsche Bank) by the RAF (a german anarchist terrorist group), but the effect was quite different back then: The car was heavily armored and so the bomb was constructed fro quite a serious blast, it actually ripped the whole car into very tiny pieces. The problem with penetrators is, that if the armor they have to get through is strong enough, the process of penetrating the armor will put enough energy into it to have it literally explode into a nasty cloud of shrapnels on the inside, turning everything inside into chunky salsa...
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Arethusa
post Dec 15 2003, 04:09 AM
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Actually, it's not chunky salsa. It's referred to as the pinball effect, or something similar (I may be forgetting the actual name, at the moment). In simplest terms, anything in the car that is not nailed down (as well as a fair amount of whatever was) gets turned into shrapnel and bounces all over the place, effectively punching tons of holes through everything and everyone possible. The AT4 works like this, if I recall correctly.
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leemur
post Dec 15 2003, 04:38 AM
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QUOTE (Arethusa)
Actually, it's not chunky salsa.  It's referred to as the pinball effect, or something similar (I may be forgetting the actual name, at the moment). 

It's called "Chunky Salsa" in SR3.

Personally, I think it's far more descriptive than "the pinball effect".
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Zazen
post Dec 15 2003, 05:30 AM
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QUOTE (Austere Emancipator)
0.25 x 0.25 x 0.25 box. Assuming C12 is as heavy as water (not likely, but let's go with that for the time being), you can fit 15.625kg of it into the box. That's 47D -12/m.

I looked up the density of C-4 once and found the number 1.63 g/cm^3. Since people pretty much consider C-4 and C-[everything else] to have roughly the same physical properties, I think it's safe to assume that you could fit that and more into your box. :)
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Austere Emancipa...
post Dec 15 2003, 06:16 AM
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Ooh! Ooh! So, we've got 25.46875kg of C-12 instead! That gives us 60D.

The highest Power it can accumulate is then 60 + 57 + 54 + ... + 6 + 3 = 630
So we'll want a box with a Barrier Rating of 316, 314 on the weak side. The Damage Code in the AoE will be 316D, -12/m. Not too shabby.

Now, where to get that Bar 314/316 box...
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Arethusa
post Dec 15 2003, 06:30 AM
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Chunky salsa is a term used to describe the effect of a blast in an enclosed space purely in relation to amplification of the blast's effect due to reflection off of sufficiently strong barriers.

In contrast, the pinball effect specifically refers to the use of explosive force in a confined space to hurl small objects around as shrapnel in the confines of that space.

These two effects compound eachother to create the killing potential for a weapon like the AT4, in which overpressure from the chunky salsa effect does only a portion of the killing. Bits of armor that have exploded through the outside of the vehicle, unsecured (and often, by the point, fragmented) equipment, and lighter portions of the internals of the vehicle get hurled around at significant speeds due to the blast, all but guaranteeing a 100% casualty rate.

Hence, a description of the blast turning everything inside into shrapnel is not, in fact,t he chunky salsa effect.
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Austere Emancipa...
post Dec 15 2003, 06:45 AM
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QUOTE (Arethusa)
These two effects compound eachother to create the killing potential for a weapon like the AT4 [...]

Should be kept in mind that indeed if the M136 AT4 works like this, then so do all other weapons with a HEAT warhead of sufficient size. As far as I could figure, the M136 AT4 has a very generic HEAT warhead, and so any antiarmor/antitank weapon with such a warhead will have the same effect -- including everything from SMAWs through RPG-7s to AT-16s and AGM114s.

QUOTE (Cray74)
I guess it's worth saying explicitly and clearly (before arm chair generals begin sharing too much wisdom about HEAT munitions and the Monroe effect)...

You're one heck of a clairvoyant. :)
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Arethusa
post Dec 15 2003, 07:50 AM
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Oh, pfft. Meanie.

Anyway, I was replying to Camouflage's post that called cykotek's mention of HEAT induced shrapnel the chunky salsa effect.

And yes, the AT4 pretty much has a well designed but largely basic HEAT warhead, and most HEAT munitions will pretty much work along those lines, though it's worth noting that the AT4 is one of the more effective designs at present, to my knowledge.
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Austere Emancipa...
post Dec 15 2003, 08:07 AM
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QUOTE (Arethusa)
Meanie.

Thanks. ;)

QUOTE
[...] it's worth noting that the AT4 is one of the more effective designs at present, to my knowledge.

That may well be. The "MSG Tim 'Griz' Martin vs RPG-7" incident in Somalia (BHD) doesn't speak well for the effectiveness of that weapon for sure...

For those that haven't read the book (which I guess is everyone):
A lightly armored HMMWV got hit with an RPG-7. It punched a large hole in the hum-vee, through a sandbag, tore MSG Martin in half (who lived for several hours after this), went through a .50 cal ammo can and ripped off a chunk of one man's leg, and then threw the guys and anything inside around a bit. Which is a rather pitiful effect for what amounts to (AFAIK) a high explosive shaped charge weighing well over a pound (0.5kg+).
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Zazen
post Dec 15 2003, 08:39 AM
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I haven't read the book, but from what I hear one of the "heroes" is a convicted pedophile. They changed his name for the movie, apparently. I think that's hilarious.

Oh well, there's my extremely-off-topic post for the day.
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Birdy
post Dec 15 2003, 08:59 AM
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QUOTE (Austere Emancipator)
QUOTE (Arethusa)
Meanie.

Thanks. ;)

QUOTE
[...] it's worth noting that the AT4 is one of the more effective designs at present, to my knowledge.

That may well be. The "MSG Tim 'Griz' Martin vs RPG-7" incident in Somalia (BHD) doesn't speak well for the effectiveness of that weapon for sure...

For those that haven't read the book (which I guess is everyone):
A lightly armored HMMWV got hit with an RPG-7. It punched a large hole in the hum-vee, through a sandbag, tore MSG Martin in half (who lived for several hours after this), went through a .50 cal ammo can and ripped off a chunk of one man's leg, and then threw the guys and anything inside around a bit. Which is a rather pitiful effect for what amounts to (AFAIK) a high explosive shaped charge weighing well over a pound (0.5kg+).

Actually the weapon performed excellent. HEAT weapons rely on hitting something explosive for secondary effects, otherwise you get a rather localised effect since there is a very limited amount of shrapnel and a rather concentrated concussion wave.

IIRC (looong time ago) the fuse on the MILAN ATGM is rugged enough that it won't fire going through a tarpaulin or normal glas. Same is said for the 105mm HEAT from the Rh105. HEAT weapons are rather complicated... ;-)


Michael
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Austere Emancipa...
post Dec 15 2003, 09:29 AM
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QUOTE (Birdy)
Actually the weapon performed excellent. HEAT weapons rely on hitting something explosive for secondary effects, otherwise you get a rather localised effect since there is a very limited amount of shrapnel and a rather concentrated concussion wave.

Still, that's a weapon that ought to knock a significant hole into 11"/28cm of steel, and what it actually achieved was fatally wounding one person and seriously wounding another on a direct hit -- the whole group of 3 men in the back of the hum-vee was in the direct route of the explosion. If I shoot 3 guys who are queued up in front of me protected by some sheet metal and a sandbag with an antitank weapon, I expect them all to die. In this case, two were still able to return fire.

QUOTE (Zazen)
I haven't read the book, but from what I hear one of the "heroes" is a convicted pedophile. They changed his name for the movie, apparently. I think that's hilarious.

They changed almost all the names in the movie, and a lot of other stuff as well. Which isn't very surprising, since it's not very likely that a realistic semi-documentary of actual warfare will ever come out of Hollywood. (Apparently the person in question here is Stebbins, which changed to Grimes in the movie. I'm still wondering what the heck happened to many of the other more interesting characters in the book, like SFC Howe and SGT Macejunas...)

As for there being convicts in that group of people... Again, not very surprising. There were, what, 150 "heroes" in there, a majority of which are at least borderline mentally ill (I mean, most of them enjoy firefights, which is already pretty fucked up, no matter how you put it). Look at vets of Vietnam specops... And in any group of 150, you're pretty likely to find people who aren't exactly pleasant.

I would like to take this time to remind people of the world's favorite pedophile, Mr Roman Polanski.

This post has been edited by Austere Emancipator: Dec 15 2003, 10:23 AM
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Zazen
post Dec 15 2003, 02:07 PM
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Hey, as far as I'm concerned the guy who brought us Chinatown can dope up all the 13 year olds he wants.
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Austere Emancipa...
post Dec 15 2003, 02:16 PM
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My point exactly...
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