QUOTE (quentra @ Aug 8 2013, 08:39 AM)

Devices, though, not files. Those are two separate things. It may not be contradictory, but definitely worth errata'ing in.
How you "see" stuff in the Matrix still depends on how you configured your filters:
"There are uncounted billions of icons in the Matrix. Devices have icons in the Matrix in sort of the same way that living things have auras in astral space. This could get overwhelming, but some background tech keeps
things from getting out of control.
The first piece of assistance comes from your commlink, which automatically filters out the least interesting icons. Do you want to know the virtual location of every music player in the world? Right, neither do I. So the Matrix will usually show you an icon for an individual’s personal area network (PAN), not every device in that network (although it makes exceptions for interesting or dangerous devices in that network, such as
a gun)."
The above is well written and simply makes sense, and the writers did a really good job in making players *understand* why matrix perception filters are in place in the first place.
As for files themselves, unless it's inside a host, a file won't be an icon displayed on its own, it'll be part of the user's PAN:
"Most individuals have multiple electronic devices on them at once, and having icons for each one show up would provide too much visual clutter in the Matrix. Often, what shows up instead is an icon representing an individual’s personal area network. This icon often looks similar to the physical device that serves as master for the network, such as a commlink, but individuals will sometimes choose a design or logo that means something to them (such as sports team logos, Concrete Dreams album covers, or corporate designs). Some devices are not merged into the single PAN icon; if an individual is carrying a wireless-enabled gun—or any other wireless device that might kill you—it will show up separately so that it can be identified rapidly. Unless, of course, the user has gone to the trouble to hide that icon, but that’ll be covered later."
So when you're looking for a user's files, you must locate the user first (*this* action might require a Matrix Perception test if they're running silent). Once you do, locating a file in his PAN is a matter of adjusting your filters. What you simply *can't* do though is look for a specific file on the Matrix and pull it out of your hat, like a rabbit in a magic trick.
When looking for information, you instead do a Matrix Search (*not* Matrix Perception check), the SR equivalent of googling stuff... and even then you won't be able to just "locate" a specific file, like Mr. Johnson Ares' commcode directory. You'd have to go after his PAN and hope he keeps it on his personal commlink instead a host. In the later case, you'd have to keep tabs on him and hope he'll lead you to the appropriate host... then you'll have to worry about how you're going to get the files out of the host's secure archive, but that's a different issue.
So... to reiterate: stuff people keep on their commlink can be seen as part of their PAN by anyone with access to their device/persona. (When they're not using it, the commlink is just a device, when they're on-line - even in AR - it's a persona). Normally you don't see this stuff, unless your commlink's filters judge it important (like a gun!), or unless you tweaked your filters to show it. (Heck, if you want you can even see data-streams, even if it'll do you little good).
What you see though is *just* an icon, and some cursory meta-data (like when the last edit happened, whether it's protected or if it has a data-bomb attached if you took the time to properly inspect it using Matrix Perception). It is not the same though as being able to read or bugger with it. Until you access it, you have no idea what the contents are beside what the Matrix sculpting intentionally reveals. You need at least 1 mark to do the Edit File action... and actually read/copy/write/erase, etc. the darn thing.
As for how difficult this is: Since files don't have stats of their own, they use their owner's stats (the host or the commlink/persona's) when defending against your marking. Next files can be protected... and finally files can even have a data-bomb attached. So yeah, while it's easy to spot if a guy has files on him (and who doesn't! Every damn bugger on the 'trix is supposed to have a valid SIN to begin with!), it's darn harder to get the file you actually want if they know what they're doing and took some precautions.
In the example where BK copies some music from a waitress's 'link, she didn't keep her stuff in a protected folder and wasn't running in silent mode... so BK could just rife through her PAN, and being an album bought of a retailers the sculpting probably screamed what it was right away... to actually get it, he needed a mark though.