All the proposals made yet have thair merits. (even those described as less memorable).
If you realy only want to buy one singel SR3 sb, thoug, id recomand not taking the Shadows of ... since allthoug they are very usefull, youīd probably have enough setting-info for a starting champain in Runner Havens once it is out, until the next SR4 sb comes out. Dragons is nice, too, but realy not so usefull for beginners I think.
The SprawlSG may be a bit outdated soon an the essencial parts to get a catch on lifestyle were reprinted in the SR4 core book.
If you want to elaborate on the prison theme, SOTA64 gives a good insight, but much of the book will be obsolate rules-wise, so I wouldnīt take this.
My hot tip would be Loose Alliances, since its rather new and wount be outdated this fast I think. Allso it provides a lot of different Players apart from the big ones roughly covered in SR4 (and which are allso not this hard to improvise, just wath movies). LA on the other hand will give you many ideas, providing color to your champain, which are not so easily extrapolated from the corerules I think and it will be usefull fore some time even when other SR4 sbs come out! So if You can get along without a location-book until Runner Heavens is out, which is not that hard to do I think, iīd vote for Loose Aliances. But thats just MHO