I asked some of the same stuff in
this thread.
My understanding:
1) No new roll, just damage resistance. The power specifically says that "Net hits
on the melee attack increase the DV of this damage" (emph added), and the only melee attack involved is the initial one -- the spirit "automatically inflicts" the subsequent damage.
2) Sure. It's a sustained power, which doesn't even distract the spirit.
3) This one I don't know, but there are a few possibilities. One is that the engulf target is "in the belly" of the air elemental, and the air elemental has to drag it along to move. In that case, it's up to whether an air elemental is strong enough to carry the target or not. Since there are no encumbrance rules in SR4, that's entirely the GM's call. It may be the case that the engulfed target isn't even really inside the air elemental, though. Engulf lets a spirit "draw victims into itself or the terrain it controls, thus smothering the victim." Does an air elemental control nearby airspace? Maybe it's just suffocating the target by controlling the air, and it could move away and leave the target where it was.
4) As far as I can tell, yes. Each one will count as a sustained power, and a Spirit can only sustain a number of powers equal to its Magic, but that's not very comforting against a high-force spirit. In the other thread I linked,
FrankTrollman mentioned that Greatform spirits can even engulf multiple targets with the same action. Maybe that's in Street Magic -- I don't have that yet.