QUOTE (kzt @ Jan 18 2009, 03:44 AM)

Octanitrocubane was chosen as the best possible case, along with other details. In reality that are likely to be somewhat less. The fuze is a major deal. My assumption of a gram is was pretty darn aggressive. It's really hard to imagine a mechanical fuze that you could fit in an assault rifle bullet, as you normally don't want the bullet armed until after the round is fired, it spins up to speed and then it hits something. You could in theory do a totally electrical fuzes, but this has some obvious issues too.
Certainly not unsurmountable ones, as explosive ammunition is in wide use in calibers as small as .50cal. Obviously it is possible to design mechanical fuses for these rounds. And its not like SR isn't a high-tech future setting with ubiquitous, highly advanced, and very small, computing. An electrical fuse is childs play for a setting with nano-machines, AI's and Simsense, like Shadowruns. And rankly even today, I find the mass of a fuse to be an unconvincing argument against an explosive bullet. Even if it decreased the effective density by half or more, we would still be looking at a substantial increase in energy delivered over plain lead.
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Essentially what has been found by people trying to use explosive small arms bullets is that they have about the exact same or less effect as a non-explosive bullet.
You just get such a tiny amount of explosive that can fit after you put the metal needed to hold the bullet together during firing and the 5000 RPM it's spinning at that the effects are not particularly noticeable.
Even a quarter of a gram gram of explosive can deliver more explosive energy then an entire rifle bullet can. Remember we are talking about explosives that could be as much as 17 times as powerful per gram then the mass of lead. It doesn't take a lot to get a noticable effect. I've avoided making references to this for graphicness sake, but what nothing good can happen to a target when even a small amount of explosive is detonated within its body. Consider again then that the rifle bullet itself is propelled by only a few grams of (weaker) gunpowder in the first place.
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To steal the example of the 14" shells, iirc, there was no actual difference found in combat between the effect of the British 14" AP shells and the APHE shells in WW2. The effects of the explosive were sufficiently trivial due to the minimal mass of the explosive compared to the round and the enormous damage done by just the AP round.
You would think if this was accurate then shell designers would learn the error of their ways, and remove explosive fillings from canon rounds. However this does not seem to be the case. As explosive ammunition remains common (predominate even) in all calibers above .50cal indeed in all calibers in which it is legal under the Hauge convention. Indeed your example misses the very point of larger caliber rounds has generally been to throw more explosive weight!
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As another example, James Brady was struck in the head by a .22LR explosive bullet (which detonated) when he got in the line of fire as Hinckley was attempting to assassinate President Regan. According to multiple experts Brady survived the attack partially because the bullet was an explosive bullet, as a normal solid would have almost certainly killed him. This bullet didn't have a fuze, it was just a canister of lead azide (a highly sensitive explosive typically used as a detonator) embed in the bullet. As far as can be determined, that and one that struck the armored glass of the limo were the only bullets that exploded of the 6 bullets that he fired (5 were recovered, the last was fired into the air as a SS officer leaped him). The other 3 people shot didn't have the bullets explode. However I am told that the devastator bullets Hinckley used were typically incredibly effective on steel soda cans.
There is a lot of confusion about those "devestator bullets" some source say some exploded, some say none. Indeed you contradict yourself in your own statement (was the one that struck the window the only one that exploded or the one that hit James Bradly in the head?). Wounding effects are quite variable, though. Had the bullet which ricocheted and hit President Regan detonated (it was lodged near his heart) history might very well be difference. I would also point out that though James Bradley survived (a miracle that), he was partially paralyzed for life due to the injury. In fact in prompted him to become the sponsor of some well known anti-gun legislation...
In any case those .22LR bullets are hardly a good example of the effects we might expect from a more serious explosive bullet. One still designed with armor penetration in mind (something the devastators were certainly not), a more reliable detonator, and a more powerful explosive filling.
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So there really isn't an evidence that you can actually make a safe and reliable explosive bullet for a small arm, much less one that is significantly more effective against people than a non-explosive bullet of the same class. And it's pretty unlikely that anyone would develop any, as the R&D would cost a fortune and there isn't really a mass market for horrifically expensive bullets that carry military explosives and are likely to be only marginally more effective than a regular bullet.
The poor performance of those .22LR rounds in attempting to assassinate Regan is hardly proves explosive bullets impossible. But history shows they are anything but impossible. In addition to the numerous explosive rounds in .50 or greater caliber in service now, smaller caliber explosive rounds have been developed several times, including versions for the British 303, 7.62 Russian and others. Were it not illegal, we might see more of it today.
Now I am not saying that explosive rounds don't have problems, including tougher engineering challenges for penetration, reliability, and cost. But in the SR setting it is reasonable to believe that these issues have been dealt with. And there is enough demand from security forces (and other markets) for the development and sale of explosive rounds.