From
Raygun's Glossary (because Dictionary.Com isn't good at firearms terminology).
Gas vent: "A device on the muzzle of a firearms which diverts some of the emerging gas and forces it upwards, so developing a downward thrust to counteract the rize of the weapon muzzle during firing."
Sound suppressor: "Device attached to the barrel of a weapon and which traps the emergent gas and forces it to pass round a series of baffles, cooling it and thus reducing its volume, so that it emerges at low speed and does not, therefore, make much noise."
The gas vent requires high velocity propellant gases that it can vent away from the firearm to counter the (effects of) recoil. A sound suppressor traps the propellant gases and slows them down.
Check out
Raygun's Suppression page, the Wiki articles on
sound suppressors and
muzzle brakes, etc. etc.