OP:
1. Maybe, yes with a visibility penalty... 1-way mirrored/polarized no.
2. Yes - normal vision sees through
3. No - glass's astral shadow is not transparent when you switch perception.
4. Maybe -type dependent. Assensing (visibility bonus) or Thermographic (slight penalty) - Yes, I'd say no for normal vision, low-light maybe (large penalty unless we're talking absolute pitch black).
5. Yes - (just as you can target someone wearing full body armor, you can see out of full body armor). Though I've seen some GM's fuzz this some.
QUOTE (Wakshaani @ Jul 5 2012, 12:33 PM)

1: No (The car has an astral 'shell' that you can't target through, despite the LOS. This is why, for instance, you can't put up a mana barrier (Allows physical things to pass, but not living people) to 'squish' drivers. (Car goes through, manawall stops the bodies, squish).
2: No (The building is another astral 'shell' ... you need to be inside of it to target someone inside of it.)
3: No, astral spells can't target someone in the physical world. (If they were also astral, still no, as the building is still a factor)
Exactly what version of shadowrun are you playing Wakshaani, and what are you smoking?! There is no astral shell anywhere, only astral shadow. And that only applies to assensing in that non-living items becomes a smokey haze you can pass through but not see through.
Mana barriers haven't done that since first edition!!!! Second edition fixed that old abuse by adding that tweak you mentioned (it wouldn't stop living beings inside a closed vehicle). Third edition got rid of the tomfoolery altogether.
Physical structures have never had a shell. (which sounds like a house rule to prevent the abuse of mana barriers).
That said, I once did selectively knock out a ton of bug spirits out of mix on a train in SR4, by raising a force 18 mana barrier (spirit zapper to be specific)... (edge plus a lot of pain in drain). Then proceeded to watch each and every one of them get shoved through it by the train. (take that damn high force realistic form + masking!!!). But in SR4 it would only be effective against dual-natured forms.